Now Hashcat 3.00 uses OpenCL and requires:

AMD users require AMD drivers 14.9 or later (recommended 15.12)
Intel users require Intel OpenCL Runtime 14.2 or later (recommended 16.2 or later)
NVidia users require NVidia drivers 346.59 or later (recommended 367.27 or later)

To get hashcat running you need two things running: The base OpenCL installation and 
a special OpenCL runtime for your device. This one is provided by the vendor. 
However some of these are available in Debian. 

For the Intel Users should install beignet-OpenCL-icd That's the Intel
driver we have in Debian.

For the NVIDIA Users should instal nvidia-opencl-icd that's the NVIDIA
driver we have in Debian.

An alternative variant is the OSS general implementations to provide the OpenCL runtime, like POCL. 
However when it comes to hashcat, you probably use it because of it's high speed. 
The Intel OpenCL runtime is like 2-3 times faster than POCL.

For more info about OpenCL Runtime: https://wiki.tiker.net/OpenCLHowTo